Kemalism

Kemalism is the founding ideology of the Republic of Turkey, associated with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Its traditional six principles are republicanism, nationalism, populism, statism, secularism, and reformism.

Republicanism: A political principle that locates sovereignty in the public and rejects hereditary monarchy. It made the republic, rather than dynastic rule, the basis of the new state.
Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate: The Turkish Grand National Assembly’s 1922 decision to end the Ottoman sultanate. It removed dynastic sovereignty before the republic was proclaimed.
Young Turks: A coalition of constitutionalist reformers who opposed autocratic rule in the late Ottoman Empire. Their reformist politics and centralizing state vision formed part of Kemalism’s Ottoman-era inheritance.
Ottomanism: A political identity that sought to unite the Ottoman Empire’s diverse populations under a common imperial citizenship. Kemalist nationalism replaced imperial belonging with a Turkish national framework.
Atatürk's Reforms: The legal, educational, cultural, and political changes introduced under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s leadership. They are the most direct historical expression of Kemalist reformism.
Turkish nationalism: A political nationalism centered on Turkish identity, national sovereignty, and a shared civic community. Kemalist nation-building sought to replace Ottoman dynastic belonging with Turkish national identity.
Abolition of the Caliphate: The Turkish Grand National Assembly’s 1924 decision to end the Ottoman caliphate. It consolidated the republic’s authority over religious institutions and political legitimacy.
Committee of Union and Progress: The Ottoman political organization that led the Young Turk Revolution and governed the empire during World War I. Its officials and practices shaped the political environment from which republican leaders emerged.
Pan-Islamism: A political movement advocating solidarity among Muslims across national boundaries. Kemalist state nationalism did not make transnational Islamic unity its organizing principle.
Turkish Armed Forces: The military institution responsible for defending the Republic of Turkey. The armed forces have historically presented themselves as guardians of the republic’s founding principles.

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