Linked from

The 68 pages that link to Keynesian economics, each with the reason it gives.

• NeoliberalismCompared with: Its postwar influence receded as neoliberal ideas gained ground during the crises of the 1970s.

• Bretton Woods systemCompared with: Keynes wanted international, not merely national, demand management; the Americans narrowed the scope.

• Laissez-faireCompared with: Keynesian policy supports intervention when private spending fails to sustain economic activity.

• Margaret ThatcherCompared with: Her government rejected demand management in favor of controlling money supply and inflation.

• Milton FriedmanCompared with: Friedman challenged postwar Keynesian accounts of money, consumption, and economic stabilization.

• Political economyCompared with: It emphasizes how public policy can counter economic downturns.

• AusterityCompared with: It supports deficit-financed stimulus when private demand is weak.

• Classical economicsCompared with: It challenged classical confidence that flexible prices and wages reliably restore full employment.

• MonetarismCompared with: Its early postwar versions gave fiscal policy a larger stabilization role than monetarists accepted.

• Neoclassical economicsCompared with: It challenges the view that flexible prices reliably restore full-employment equilibrium.

• Marxian economicsCompared with: Its crisis analysis centers on demand and policy, unlike Marxian accounts grounded in capitalist contradictions.

• Chicago school of economicsCompared with: Chicago monetarists challenged Keynesian explanations and prescriptions for managing economic fluctuations.

• EconomicsCompared with: It supports demand management when private spending is insufficient to sustain output.

• Ludwig von MisesCompared with: Its support for active stabilization differs from Mises’s opposition to credit expansion and intervention.

• OrdoliberalismCompared with: It foregrounds macroeconomic management, while ordoliberalism centers on the rules that structure markets.

• Real business cycle theoryCompared with: Unlike real business cycle theory, Keynesian accounts commonly treat recessions as inefficient shortfalls in demand.

• Supply-side economicsCompared with: Its focus on demand management differs from supply-side emphasis on productive incentives and capacity.

• Quantity theory of moneyCompared with: Keynesian analysis allows changes in money to affect output and interest rates before prices adjust.

• Ricardian equivalenceCompared with: Keynesian accounts often predict that debt-financed tax cuts can raise demand.

• Dynamic stochastic general equilibriumCompared with: Its historical versions often relied less on explicit optimizing agents and model-consistent expectations.

• ReaganomicsCompared with: Its demand-management tradition differs from Reaganomics’ emphasis on incentives and supply-side growth.

• Reserve army of labourCompared with: It locates unemployment primarily in demand shortfalls, unlike Marx’s structural account of labour surplus.

• Austrian business cycle theoryCompared with: It often explains downturns through deficient demand rather than prior credit-induced investment errors.

• Austrian school of economicsCompared with: Its macroeconomic policy prescriptions often conflict with Austrian explanations of downturns and intervention.

• Edward C. PrescottCompared with: It commonly assigns downturns a different cause than Prescott’s productivity-shock account.

• Laffer curveCompared with: Revenue arguments based on demand effects differ from the curve’s focus on tax-rate incentives.

• Edmund PhelpsCompared with: Phelps revised short-run Keynesian analysis by making inflation expectations central to unemployment.

• Fiscal conservatismCompared with: It can support deficit spending during downturns, unlike strict balanced-budget approaches.

• Robert MundellCompared with: Mundell’s policy models examine when fiscal or monetary intervention works, questions central to Keynesian economics.

• Trickle-down economicsCompared with: It supports stimulating demand directly when private spending is weak.

• Christopher A. PissaridesCompared with: Pissarides’s framework focuses on matching frictions, complementing demand-centered explanations of unemployment.

• Jean-Baptiste SayCompared with: Keynesian economics rejects the idea that production alone ensures sufficient demand.

• Ruud LubbersCompared with: Lubbers’s emphasis on restraint contrasted with demand-led responses to recession.

• Yegor GaidarCompared with: Its policy priorities differ from the rapid market liberalization and fiscal restraint associated with Gaidar.

• Capitalism and FreedomCompared with: Friedman’s market-oriented proposals challenged influential postwar assumptions about government management.

• Javier MileiCompared with: Milei rejects demand management in favor of market-led adjustment and fiscal restraint.

• Economic depressionCompared with: It recommends demand support during severe slumps, contrasting with views that stress rapid self-correction.

• Lyndon LaRoucheCompared with: LaRouche rejected aspects of postwar economic orthodoxy while proposing state-led investment on different theoretical grounds.