Kingdom of Pergamon

A Hellenistic Greek kingdom in western Asia Minor, ruled by the Attalid dynasty from Pergamon until its territory passed to Rome in 133 BCE.

Philetaerus: A Greek ruler who founded the Attalid dynasty and established Pergamon as an independent power. His rule began the dynasty that built the kingdom.
Eumenes II: An Attalid king who ruled Pergamon from 197 to 159 BCE and expanded its influence in Asia Minor. His reign brought the kingdom to the height of its territorial power.
Pergamon: An ancient city in western Asia Minor that served as the Attalid capital. The kingdom took its name and political center from this city.
Province of Asia: A Roman province established in western Asia Minor from territory inherited from the Attalid kingdom. Rome organized much of the bequeathed kingdom into this province.
Lysimachus: One of Alexander the Great’s successors, who ruled Thrace and parts of western Asia Minor. Pergamon’s early rulers gained their position within his kingdom.
Attalus I: An Attalid king who ruled Pergamon from 241 to 197 BCE and adopted the royal title after victories over the Galatians. His military success transformed Pergamon into a recognized kingdom.
Hellenistic period: The era from Alexander the Great’s death in 323 BCE to the Roman conquest of the eastern Mediterranean. Pergamon was one of the successor kingdoms formed in this era.
Aristonicus: A claimant to the Attalid throne who led resistance to Roman annexation after Attalus III’s death. His revolt challenged Rome’s takeover of the kingdom.
Seleucid Empire: A Hellenistic empire founded by Seleucus I, extending across much of western Asia and the eastern Mediterranean. The Attalids expanded their power as Seleucid control in Asia Minor weakened.
Galatian War: A series of conflicts between Hellenistic states and Galatian groups who settled in central Anatolia. Attalid victories against Galatian forces strengthened the dynasty’s legitimacy.

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