Kingdom of Sardinia

A state ruled by the House of Savoy from 1720 until its incorporation into the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. It combined the island of Sardinia with mainland territories centered on Piedmont.

Treaty of London (1718): A 1718 agreement among European powers that arranged territorial exchanges after the War of the Spanish Succession. It assigned Sardinia to the House of Savoy, enabling the kingdom's creation.
Albertine Statute: A constitution granted by Charles Albert in 1848 that remained the constitution of the Kingdom of Italy until 1948. It established constitutional monarchy in Sardinia and provided the framework inherited by unified Italy.
War of the Austrian Succession: A European war from 1740 to 1748 over the Habsburg succession and the balance of power. Sardinia fought on Austria's side and retained its mainland territories after invasion.
Charles Albert of Sardinia: King of Sardinia from 1831 to 1849, known for granting the Albertine Statute and leading the 1848 war against Austria. His constitution endured, even though his military campaign ended in abdication.
Risorgimento: The nineteenth-century political and cultural movement that led to the unification of Italy. Sardinia became the movement's principal state actor and supplied the monarchy of unified Italy.
Treaty of The Hague (1720): A 1720 agreement that confirmed the exchange of Sicily for Sardinia between the House of Savoy and Austria. Its exchange gave Victor Amadeus II the island that named his kingdom.
Kingdom of Sardinia Parliament: The bicameral legislature created under the Albertine Statute, comprising an elected Chamber of Deputies and an appointed Senate. Its parliamentary practices became the institutional template for Italy after unification.
Battle of Assietta: A 1747 battle in which Sardinian forces defeated a French army in the Alps. The victory protected Piedmont during the War of the Austrian Succession.
Victor Emmanuel II: King of Sardinia from 1849 and first king of unified Italy from 1861 to 1878. He carried the Sardinian crown through unification and became Italy's first monarch.
Italian unification: The political process that brought most Italian territories together as the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. Unification incorporated the Kingdom of Sardinia and ended its separate existence.

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