Linked from

The 16 pages that link to Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation, each with the reason it gives.

• Thermal radiationRelated: It links thermal emission to how a surface absorbs radiation.

• Planck's lawNarrower topic: It framed the universal radiation problem Planck's formula addressed.

• AlbedoRelated: For opaque surfaces, wavelength-specific absorptivity constrains reflectance and therefore spectral albedo.

• Stefan–Boltzmann lawRelated: It relates emission to absorption, complementing the total-power relation.

• Gustav KirchhoffBroader topic: Kirchhoff connected spectral emission and absorption to the ideal behavior of a blackbody.

• EmissivityRelated: It connects emission to absorption, allowing emissivity to be inferred from absorptivity.

• Fresnel equationsRelated: Fresnel reflectance helps determine absorptivity, linking interface optics to thermal emission.

• Radiative coolingRelated: It links the wavelengths a cooling surface emits to those it absorbs.

• Spectral energy distributionRelated: It connects spectral emission to wavelength-dependent absorption.

• OpacityRelated: It connects opacity through absorption to the medium’s capacity to emit radiation.

• Kirchhoff's laws of spectroscopyCompared with: Unlike the three spectral cases, this law quantitatively relates emission and absorption in equilibrium.

• Radiative transfer equationRelated: It relates thermal emission to absorption in local thermodynamic equilibrium.

• Planetary equilibrium temperatureRelated: It links the radiation a planet absorbs to the radiation it can emit.

• Radiative equilibriumRelated: It connects the ability to absorb radiation with the ability to emit it.

• Black bodyRelated: The law explains why imperfect absorbers also emit less efficiently than black bodies.

• Outgoing longwave radiationRelated: It connects atmospheric absorption of infrared radiation with emission at the same wavelengths.