Knowledge organization

Knowledge organization is the study and practice of structuring, representing, and arranging knowledge so it can be found, understood, and used.

Ontology: A formal representation of concepts, entities, and relationships within a domain. Ontologies make domain concepts and their relationships explicit for consistent organization.
Faceted classification: A classification method that describes subjects through independent facets, such as place, time, and material. Facets let users combine different attributes instead of relying on one fixed hierarchy.
Library catalog: An organized record of a library's holdings, with information for identifying and locating resources. Catalogs combine descriptive records and subject access to organize library collections.
Folksonomy: An informal classification created when users apply their own tags to resources. User-generated tags contrast with terms controlled by an established vocabulary.
Classification bias: Systematic distortion in categories or assignments that disadvantages or misrepresents people or subjects. Organizational choices can encode assumptions that shape visibility and access.
Taxonomy: A hierarchical classification that organizes entities into broader and narrower categories. Taxonomies provide the hierarchical structure used to group and locate subjects.
Indexing: The process of assigning terms or symbols to information so it can be retrieved. Indexing applies an organizational scheme to individual resources.
Dewey Decimal Classification: A library classification system that arranges subjects in a decimal hierarchy. Dewey is a widely used example of organizing collections through hierarchical notation.
Flat taxonomy: A classification in which categories sit at one level without broader and narrower relationships. It contrasts with hierarchical organization by avoiding nested categories.
Knowledge representation: The formal encoding of information about the world for reasoning or computation. Representing knowledge raises questions about which distinctions systems can express.

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