Korean independence movement

The Korean independence movement was a diverse effort to end Japanese colonial rule and restore Korean self-government, spanning domestic resistance, diplomacy, armed struggle, and cultural activism.

March 1st Movement: A nationwide Korean protest movement launched on March 1, 1919, demanding independence from Japanese rule. Its mass demonstrations marked a turning point in public resistance and prompted new organizing.
Korean National Association: A Korean diaspora organization founded in San Francisco in 1909 to promote national rights and independence. Its overseas network organized fundraising, advocacy, and community support.
Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910: The agreement through which Japan formally annexed Korea in 1910. Annexation made the restoration of Korean sovereignty the movement’s central aim.
Kim Gu: A Korean nationalist leader who headed the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea during much of its exile. He directed its wartime efforts and helped organize armed resistance.
Korean liberation: The end of Japanese colonial rule in Korea in August 1945 after Japan’s surrender in the Second World War. It fulfilled the movement’s immediate goal without settling Korea’s political future.
Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea: An exiled Korean government established in Shanghai in 1919 to pursue independence and represent Korea internationally. It gave the movement an enduring political institution outside Japanese-controlled Korea.
Korean Patriotic Organization: A Korean nationalist organization founded in Shanghai in 1931 by Kim Gu to conduct targeted resistance against Japanese rule. It organized actions intended to draw international attention to Korea’s cause.
Korean Empire: A Korean state that existed from 1897 until Japan’s annexation in 1910. Its loss gave independence activists a recent model of Korean sovereignty to reclaim.
Ahn Changho: A Korean independence activist and educator who built nationalist organizations in Korea and the diaspora. His organizing connected education, civic discipline, and overseas mobilization.
Division of Korea: The postwar separation of Korea into Soviet and American occupation zones that developed into two states. Rival visions of national government and Cold War occupation prevented reunification after liberation.

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