Knowra Lactate dehydrogenase Lactate dehydrogenase Lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that reversibly converts pyruvate and lactate while interconverting NADH and NAD⁺. Its reaction links glycolysis to cellular redox balance and lactate metabolism.
Pyruvate : Pyruvate is a three-carbon molecule formed at the end of glycolysis and used in several metabolic pathways. It is reduced to lactate when lactate dehydrogenase uses NADH.
Glycolysis : Glycolysis is a sequence of reactions that breaks glucose into pyruvate while producing ATP and NADH. It supplies pyruvate and NADH for lactate production.
Lactate dehydrogenase test : A lactate dehydrogenase test measures enzyme activity in blood or other samples. Cell damage can release lactate dehydrogenase into blood, making activity a nonspecific marker of tissue injury.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex : The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, carbon dioxide, and NADH. Unlike lactate dehydrogenase, it irreversibly channels pyruvate toward mitochondrial oxidation.
Lactate : Lactate is a three-carbon organic acid produced by reducing pyruvate. It is the product of pyruvate reduction and can be oxidized back to pyruvate.
Oxidative phosphorylation : Oxidative phosphorylation uses an electron transport chain and oxygen to produce ATP from reducing equivalents. When oxygen-dependent oxidation cannot reoxidize NADH fast enough, lactate formation helps restore NAD⁺.
Lactic acidosis : Lactic acidosis is metabolic acidosis associated with elevated lactate in blood. Impaired oxygen delivery, metabolism, or clearance can increase lactate production relative to removal.
Alcohol dehydrogenase : Alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes reversible redox reactions between alcohols and carbonyl compounds, often using NAD⁺ or NADH. It performs a related cofactor-linked redox chemistry on different substrates.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide : Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a coenzyme that transfers electrons in cellular redox reactions. Its oxidized and reduced forms, NAD⁺ and NADH, are interconverted in the enzyme’s reaction.
Cytosol : The cytosol is the fluid portion of a cell outside membrane-bound organelles. Most lactate dehydrogenase reactions occur in the cytosol, where glycolysis also takes place.
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