Lake Champlain

A freshwater lake between New York and Vermont that extends north into Quebec and drains through the Richelieu River to the St. Lawrence.

Champlain Valley: A lowland corridor between the Green Mountains and Adirondacks, extending from the Hudson Valley toward southern Quebec. The valley contains the lake and channels its watershed between two mountain ranges.
Lake Vermont: A glacial lake that occupied the Champlain basin as the Laurentide Ice Sheet retreated. Its freshwater predecessor formed the basin before the Champlain Sea inundated it.
Battle of Valcour Island: A 1776 naval battle on Lake Champlain between American and British forces during the American Revolutionary War. The battle delayed Britain’s advance southward along the lake corridor.
Champlain Canal: A canal connecting the southern end of Lake Champlain with the Hudson River at Waterford, New York. It links the lake to the Hudson River and the inland waterway system.
Phosphorus pollution: Excess phosphorus entering water, often from agricultural runoff, wastewater, or eroding soil. Phosphorus loading fuels recurring algal blooms in parts of the lake.
Richelieu River: A river flowing north from Lake Champlain in Quebec to the St. Lawrence River. It is the lake’s outlet and the route by which its waters reach the St. Lawrence.
Laurentide Ice Sheet: A vast ice sheet that covered much of Canada and the northern United States during the last glacial period. Its advance and retreat carved and reshaped the basin underlying Lake Champlain.
Battle of Plattsburgh: A 1814 land and naval battle near Plattsburgh, New York, during the War of 1812. Control of the lake’s southern route was central to the British invasion it stopped.
Lake Champlain Transportation Company: A ferry operator providing vehicle and passenger crossings on Lake Champlain. Its ferries connect communities where no bridge crosses the lake.
Cyanobacterial bloom: A rapid increase of cyanobacteria in water, sometimes producing toxins harmful to people and animals. Warm, nutrient-rich conditions can trigger blooms that disrupt recreation and water use.

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