Lance Armstrong

Lance Armstrong is an American former professional road cyclist whose seven Tour de France titles were stripped after an investigation found he had used performance-enhancing drugs.

1999 Tour de France: The Tour de France edition Armstrong won after returning to competition following cancer treatment. It began the run of seven victories later stripped from Armstrong.
Tyler Hamilton: An American former professional cyclist who testified about doping practices on Armstrong’s teams. His testimony described blood doping and Armstrong’s participation.
Blood doping: The illicit practice of increasing red blood cells to improve oxygen delivery and endurance. Witnesses described blood manipulation as part of Armstrong’s team’s doping program.
Tour de France: An annual multi-stage men’s road cycling race held primarily in France. Armstrong’s seven victories were removed from the race’s official record.
USADA Reasoned Decision: A 2012 report by the United States Anti-Doping Agency detailing evidence of systematic doping in Armstrong’s cycling teams. Its findings led to Armstrong’s lifetime ban and disqualification of his results.
Floyd Landis: An American former professional cyclist whose doping allegations prompted a federal investigation of Armstrong. His 2010 allegations helped bring Armstrong’s team practices under scrutiny.
Erythropoietin: A hormone that stimulates red blood cell production and is used medically to treat some forms of anemia. Its synthetic form, EPO, was among the drugs linked to Armstrong’s doping.
United States Anti-Doping Agency: The independent organization responsible for administering anti-doping programs in United States Olympic and professional sports. Its investigation imposed Armstrong’s lifetime ban and disqualified his results.
Oprah's Next Chapter: A television interview series hosted by Oprah Winfrey, including Armstrong’s 2013 doping admission. Armstrong publicly acknowledged doping during its widely watched interview.
Greg LeMond: An American former cyclist and three-time Tour de France winner who publicly questioned Armstrong’s performances and defended clean cycling. LeMond became a prominent American countervoice to Armstrong’s denials.

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