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The 25 pages that link to Lanthanide contraction, each with the reason it gives.

• Rare-earth elementRelated: This size trend shapes the similar chemistry and difficult separations of neighboring lanthanides.

• LanthanideRelated: Poor shielding by 4f electrons makes later lanthanides smaller.

• Relativistic chemistryRelated: Relativistic effects contribute to the contraction that shapes heavy-element sizes and bonding.

• CeriumRelated: Cerium’s size and chemistry reflect its position near the beginning of this contraction.

• Inert-pair effectRelated: Both trends involve imperfect shielding, but lanthanide contraction concerns atomic size rather than s-pair participation.

• Rare-earth separationRelated: The contraction creates small size differences that can produce measurable differences in complexation and extraction.

• 4f orbitalRelated: Increasing nuclear charge draws the poorly shielding 4f electrons and outer shells inward.

• Carl Gustaf MosanderRelated: The similar sizes behind this trend help explain why Mosander’s elements were so hard to distinguish chemically.

• Carl Auer von WelsbachRelated: The similar sizes of neighboring lanthanides help explain why their chemical separation is difficult.

• DysprosiumRelated: It shapes dysprosium’s atomic size and chemistry relative to neighboring rare-earth metals.

• 4f electronRelated: Poor shielding by added 4f electrons contributes to the increasing effective nuclear attraction.

• GadoliniumRelated: It helps explain gadolinium’s atomic dimensions and similarities to neighboring rare-earth elements.

• YtterbiumRelated: It shapes ytterbium’s size and chemical behavior relative to neighboring lanthanides.

• EuropiumRelated: It helps explain europium’s size, bonding, and differences from neighboring rare-earth elements.

• HolmiumRelated: It helps explain holmium’s compact ion and its similarities to neighboring lanthanides.

• SamariumRelated: It helps explain samarium’s size and its chemical similarities to neighboring lanthanides.

• Per Teodor CleveRelated: The close similarities among lanthanides explain why Cleve’s separations were so demanding.

• ThuliumRelated: It helps explain thulium’s size and similarities to neighboring rare-earth metals.

• Period 5 elementRelated: It helps make period-5 and period-6 transition metals unusually similar in size.

• Period 6 elementRelated: It shapes the sizes and chemistry of elements following the lanthanides.

• Double bond ruleRelated: Changes in atomic size and orbital energies affect heavier-element bonding beyond the rule’s basic account.

• Group 3 elementRelated: It makes yttrium and the lanthanides’ later elements unexpectedly similar in size.