Linked from

The 14 pages that link to Latin translations of the 12th century, each with the reason it gives.

• Islamic Golden AgeRelated: These translations carried works studied and developed in Arabic into European schools and universities.

• Medieval universitiesRelated: Translated texts expanded the curriculum and resources available to university scholars.

• AvicennaRelated: Translations made Avicenna’s philosophy and medicine accessible to Latin-speaking scholars.

• Al-KhwarizmiNarrower topic: These translations made his mathematical writings available to European scholars.

• AlchemyRelated: Translations carried Arabic alchemical texts into Latin-speaking Europe.

• Translation movementBroader topic: These translations helped change the Latin curriculum and scholarly repertoire.

• Albertus MagnusRelated: These translations made many Aristotelian texts available to the scholarly world in which Albertus worked.

• Gerard of CremonaNarrower topic: Gerard’s work was among the largest and most consequential contributions to this movement.

• Graeco-Arabic translation movementRelated: Arabic versions helped transmit Greek learning into Latin-speaking scholarly centers.

• The Canon of MedicineRelated: The Canon entered Latin learning through this broader translation movement.

• Al-JabrRelated: Latin versions carried al-Khwarizmi’s algebraic methods and terminology westward.

• Robert GrossetesteRelated: Newly available scientific and philosophical texts helped shape the learning Grosseteste encountered.

• European science in the Middle AgesRelated: These translations greatly expanded the texts available to European scholars.

• The Book of HealingRelated: The encyclopedia’s parts entered Latin through translations that carried Avicenna’s thought westward.