Knowra Lithium-ion battery Lithium-ion battery A rechargeable battery that stores and releases energy by moving lithium ions between two electrodes through an electrolyte. Its electrodes host lithium ions rather than consuming metallic lithium during normal operation.
Intercalation : The reversible insertion of atoms or ions into gaps in a host material without substantially changing its structure. Lithium ions move into and out of electrode host structures during ordinary cycling.
Galvanic cell : An electrochemical cell that produces electrical energy from a spontaneous chemical reaction. A lithium-ion cell operates galvanically while discharging and reverses reaction direction while charging.
Lithium iron phosphate battery : A lithium-ion battery that uses lithium iron phosphate as its positive-electrode material. Its thermal stability and long cycle life favor buses, energy storage, and some electric cars.
Lithium polymer battery : A lithium-ion battery packaged in a flexible pouch, often using a polymer-containing electrolyte or separator. The name often describes cell packaging, not a fundamentally different lithium storage mechanism.
Solid-electrolyte interphase : A passivating layer formed by electrolyte decomposition on a battery electrode surface. Its formation consumes lithium but then limits further electrolyte decomposition at the graphite anode.
Anode : The electrode at which oxidation occurs in an electrochemical cell. During discharge, lithium leaves the negative electrode as ions and electrons.
Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide : A family of layered lithium-ion cathode materials containing nickel, manganese, and cobalt. NMC chemistries balance energy density, power, and durability in many vehicle cells.
Sodium-ion battery : A rechargeable battery that moves sodium ions between electrodes during charging and discharging. It substitutes abundant sodium for lithium, usually with lower energy density.
Graphite : A crystalline form of carbon made of stacked sheets of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms. Its layered structure stores lithium ions at the negative electrode in most commercial cells.
Cathode : The electrode at which reduction occurs in an electrochemical cell. During discharge, lithium ions and electrons enter the positive electrode.
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