Litigation

Litigation is the process of resolving disputes through court proceedings. It includes steps from filing a claim through trial and, sometimes, appeal.

Civil procedure: The rules governing how civil cases proceed through courts, from filing to judgment. It supplies the procedural framework that organizes most litigation.
Plaintiff: The party who initiates a civil lawsuit by bringing a claim against another party. The plaintiff starts litigation and identifies the requested relief.
Arbitration: A private dispute-resolution process in which an arbitrator issues a decision, often binding on the parties. It can resolve disputes outside ordinary court litigation.
Remedy: A legal means of enforcing a right or addressing a violation, such as damages or an injunction. A plaintiff generally asks litigation to secure a remedy.
Civil litigation: Court proceedings to resolve noncriminal disputes between individuals, organizations, or governments. It covers lawsuits seeking remedies such as compensation or court orders.
Pleadings: Formal written statements in which parties set out claims, defenses, and responses. They define the dispute the court is asked to resolve.
Defendant: The party against whom a civil claim or criminal charge is brought. The defendant answers the allegations and may assert defenses.
Mediation: A facilitated negotiation in which a neutral mediator helps parties seek a voluntary agreement. Unlike litigation, mediation leaves the outcome to the parties' agreement.
Injunction: A court order requiring a party to do or refrain from doing a specified act. Litigation can produce orders that prevent or compel conduct.
Criminal prosecution: A government's formal process for accusing and trying a person for a crime. It is court-based, but concerns public criminal charges rather than private civil claims.

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