Lothair I

Lothair I was a Carolingian ruler who was emperor from 840 to 855 and king of Middle Francia from 843 to 855.

Louis the Pious: The Carolingian emperor from 814 to 840 and son of Charlemagne. His contested plans for dividing the empire among his sons triggered Lothair’s succession conflict.
Carolingian Civil War: The series of conflicts among Louis the Pious’s sons over succession and territory. Lothair fought his brothers for control of the empire after their father’s death.
Louis the German: A son of Louis the Pious who ruled East Francia from 843 until 876. He was Lothair’s principal rival in the civil war and received the eastern share at Verdun.
Middle Francia: The central kingdom created for Lothair I by the Treaty of Verdun in 843. It was the territorial core of Lothair’s rule between East and West Francia.
Charlemagne: The Frankish king who conquered much of western Europe and became emperor in 800. Lothair inherited an empire built by his grandfather.
Battle of Fontenoy: A major battle in 841 between the forces of Lothair I and those of Louis the German and Charles the Bald. Lothair’s defeat weakened his bid to rule the whole Frankish Empire.
Charles the Bald: A son of Louis the Pious who ruled West Francia and later became emperor. He fought Lothair for power before receiving the western share at Verdun.
Lotharingia: A medieval kingdom named for Lothair II, occupying territory between East and West Francia. Its name and contested lands emerged from the division of Lothair I’s Middle Francia.
Carolingian Empire: The empire ruled by the Carolingian dynasty across much of western and central Europe. Lothair’s claim to imperial authority arose within this dynasty’s empire.
Oaths of Strasbourg: The 842 pledges of alliance between Louis the German and Charles the Bald against Lothair. The brothers’ public alliance increased pressure on Lothair to negotiate a settlement.

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