Linked from

The 18 pages that link to Lunar laser ranging, each with the reason it gives.

• Apollo programRelated: Apollo crews placed reflectors that enabled precise measurements of lunar motion.

• Giant-impact hypothesisRelated: Precise orbital measurements constrain the Moon’s tidal history and formation models.

• Tidal interactionRelated: Its precise orbital measurements reveal ongoing tidal exchange between Earth and Moon.

• Orbital perturbationRelated: Long-term measurements reveal subtle perturbations in the lunar orbit.

• Lunar explorationRelated: Repeated measurements test lunar motion and the Moon's internal structure.

• Gravitational parameterBroader topic: Its precise lunar-orbit observations help determine the gravitational parameters of the Earth and Moon.

• LibrationRelated: Its precise measurements can detect physical librations and test models of the Moon’s interior.

• Earth's MoonRelated: It precisely tracks the Moon's orbit and tests gravitational physics.

• International Celestial Reference SystemRelated: Its precise dynamical analyses connect lunar motion to celestial reference conventions.

• Lunar theoryRelated: Its observations test and refine dynamical models of lunar motion.

• Torsion balanceCompared with: It tests gravitational physics with a modern method rather than a suspended balance.

• Lunokhod 1Related: Lunokhod 1’s reflector became a target for laser measurements from Earth.

• Orbit of the MoonRelated: Its precise distance measurements test and refine models of lunar orbital motion.

• Tests of general relativityBroader topic: Long-term ranging tests relativistic orbital dynamics and the strong equivalence principle.

• Earth’s shadowRelated: Precise lunar orbit measurements refine predictions of when the Moon enters Earth’s shadow.

• Eclipse cycleRelated: Precise measurements of lunar motion refine the orbital models underlying eclipse calculations.

• Fifth forceRelated: Earth–Moon motion constrains anomalous forces acting over astronomical distances.

• Internal structure of the MoonRelated: Lunar rotation and tidal response measured this way constrain the core’s size and state.