Knowra Machining Machining Machining shapes a workpiece by removing material with cutting tools or other energy-based methods. It can produce precise dimensions, surfaces, and forms from metals and other materials.
Cutting mechanics : The mechanics of material deformation, chip formation, and force during cutting. Explains how a tool turns a workpiece into chips while resisting cutting forces.
Turning : A machining operation in which a rotating workpiece is cut by a tool moving against it. Turning produces cylindrical surfaces by coordinating workpiece rotation with tool motion.
Computer numerical control : Automated control of machine tools through encoded instructions executed by a computer. CNC makes repeatable machining paths practical for complex and high-volume parts.
Additive manufacturing : The production of objects by adding material in successive layers from digital design data. Unlike machining, it builds parts rather than cutting them from stock.
Chip formation : The separation and flow of workpiece material into chips during cutting. Chip shape reveals how the workpiece deforms at the cutting edge.
Milling : A machining operation in which rotating cutting edges remove material from a workpiece. Milling handles flat surfaces, slots, pockets, and complex three-dimensional forms.
Machining center : A computer-controlled machine tool that performs multiple cutting operations, often with automatic tool changes. Machining centers combine operations to reduce setup changes and handling.
Metal forming : The shaping of metal through plastic deformation without intentionally removing material. Forming can reduce waste where machining would cut away large amounts of stock.
Cutting fluid : A liquid or gas used to cool, lubricate, or flush debris from a machining operation. Its cooling and lubrication affect tool wear, surface finish, and chip evacuation.
Drilling : A cutting operation that creates a round hole with a rotating drill. Drilling is the standard starting operation for producing many holes.
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