Marcus Garvey

Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican political leader who built a mass movement for Black pride, economic self-reliance, and African independence through the Universal Negro Improvement Association.

Amy Ashwood Garvey: A Jamaican political activist who helped found the Universal Negro Improvement Association and organized its early work. She co-founded the association with Garvey and helped establish its Jamaican branch.
Universal Negro Improvement Association: A mass organization founded in 1914 to promote Black unity, economic independence, and African redemption. It was Garvey’s principal vehicle for organizing members across the Caribbean, the United States, and Africa.
Jamaica: An island country in the Caribbean that remained a British colony during Garvey’s early life. Colonial inequality and labor activism in Jamaica shaped his early political outlook.
Black nationalism: A political tradition advocating Black solidarity, self-determination, and control over Black institutions. Garvey became one of its most influential mass organizers and public advocates.
Amy Jacques Garvey: A Jamaican journalist and political activist who edited Garveyite publications and preserved Marcus Garvey’s writings. She sustained the movement’s publishing work and legacy after Garvey’s imprisonment.
Negro World: A newspaper published by the Universal Negro Improvement Association from 1918 to 1933. Its international circulation carried Garvey’s speeches and program to the movement’s dispersed membership.
Pan-Africanism: A political and cultural movement advocating solidarity among people of African descent and the liberation of Africa. Garvey transformed Pan-African solidarity into a mass popular program centered on Black power and African nationhood.
Pan-African Congress: A series of international gatherings that sought political rights and self-determination for Africans and people of African descent. Garveyite organizing formed part of the wider transnational politics that these congresses addressed.
W. E. B. Du Bois: An American sociologist and civil-rights leader who advocated Pan-African cooperation and political equality. His integrationist strategy and public disputes with Garvey exposed a sharp divide in Black politics.
Black Star Line: A shipping company launched by the Universal Negro Improvement Association in 1919 to connect Black communities and support trade with Africa. The company made economic self-determination and transatlantic connection visible, while its failure damaged Garvey’s reputation.

Linked from 17 pages