Marine aquarium

A controlled aquatic enclosure that recreates marine salinity and other seawater conditions to keep saltwater organisms alive.

Nitrogen cycle in aquariums: The microbial conversion of toxic ammonia into nitrite and then less toxic nitrate in aquarium water. Biofiltration uses this cycle to control waste from animals and uneaten food.
Specific gravity: The ratio of a liquid’s density to the density of water at a specified temperature. Aquarists use it to estimate seawater salinity.
Fish-only aquarium: A marine aquarium designed primarily to keep saltwater fish rather than corals. It can support marine fish without meeting the specialized light and chemistry needs of corals.
Freshwater aquarium: An aquarium designed to keep organisms in water with low dissolved-salt concentration. Its water chemistry and livestock differ from those of a saltwater system.
Protein skimmer: A device that removes dissolved organic compounds from water by binding them to air bubbles. Foam fractionation exports waste before it breaks down into nitrogen compounds.
Salinity: The concentration of dissolved salts in water. It is a defining water parameter for marine organisms and must remain stable.
Fish-only-with-live-rock aquarium: A marine fish aquarium that uses live rock as habitat and biological filtration. Live rock adds natural structure and microbial processing while the system remains fish-focused.
Brackish aquarium: An aquarium that recreates water with salinity between freshwater and seawater. It occupies a salinity range distinct from a typical marine aquarium.
Live rock: Marine rock or reef rubble colonized by microorganisms and other organisms. Its porous interior provides habitat for microbes that process aquarium waste.
pH: A logarithmic measure of hydrogen-ion activity in a solution. Marine aquarium pH affects biological processes and shifts as carbon dioxide changes.

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