Linked from

The 264 pages that link to Marine protected area, each with the reason it gives.

• Coral reefRelated: Protection can limit local pressures on reef habitats and their organisms.

• Trophic cascadeRelated: Protection can alter fishing pressure on predators and thereby affect lower trophic levels.

• OverfishingRelated: Restrictions on fishing can protect habitats and allow populations to recover locally.

• Mediterranean SeaRelated: Protection coverage is uneven, and effective management remains a central challenge.

• Fisheries managementRelated: Spatial closures can protect habitats and reduce fishing in selected places.

• Marine food webRelated: Protection can alter local feeding relationships by reducing extraction and disturbance.

• Hydrothermal ventRelated: Protection can limit damage to vent fields from mining and other seabed activities.

• Exclusive economic zoneRelated: States can establish protected areas in waters under their jurisdiction, including their zones.

• Intertidal zoneRelated: Protection can limit damaging activities in intertidal habitats and nearby waters.

• Pelagic zoneRelated: Protection can cover pelagic habitats, although mobile species often cross its boundaries.

• FisheriesRelated: Area closures can protect habitats or reserve places where fishing is restricted.

• Marine biodiversityRelated: Protected areas can reduce local pressures on marine species and habitats.

• Commercial fishingRelated: Restrictions can limit commercial fishing in sensitive or depleted areas.

• Continental shelfRelated: Protected areas can safeguard shelf habitats and nursery grounds.

• BathymetryRelated: Bathymetric terrain helps characterize habitats and plan protected-area boundaries.

• Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishingRelated: Fishing within no-take or restricted zones undermines conservation protections.

• Marine ecosystemRelated: It is a direct tool for protecting habitats, species, and ecological processes.

• Ecosystem-based fisheries managementRelated: Spatial protection can safeguard habitats and ecological processes affected by fishing.

• Kelp forestRelated: Protection can limit some human pressures on kelp habitats.

• Yellow SeaRelated: The effectiveness of protected areas depends on coordination across the Yellow Sea’s national jurisdictions.

• Deep-sea explorationRelated: Exploration helps identify deep-sea habitats that may warrant protection.

• SeabirdRelated: Protected feeding grounds can safeguard seabirds as well as the prey and habitats they depend on.

• SeafoodRelated: Protected areas can safeguard habitats and help sustain seafood populations.

• Small-scale fisheriesRelated: Restrictions can protect habitats but also affect customary fishing grounds and access.

• Seabird colonyRelated: Protection around colonies can cover nesting habitat and nearby feeding waters.

• Bottom trawlingRelated: Restrictions on bottom trawling are one way protected areas limit seabed disturbance.

• PinnipedRelated: Protected areas can safeguard pinniped breeding sites and feeding habitat.

• Sustainable fisheriesRelated: Spatial protections can safeguard habitats and life stages that fishing rules do not adequately protect.

• Tragedy of the commonsRelated: Access restrictions can help prevent extraction from exceeding the recovery of shared marine populations.

• Marine mammal conservationRelated: Spatial protections can restrict harmful activities in important feeding, breeding, or migration areas.

• Artisanal fishingRelated: Protected areas can restrict fishing access and reshape local livelihoods.

• Ghost fishingRelated: Ghost gear can undermine habitat protections when it drifts into protected waters.

• Larval dispersalRelated: Larval export can connect protected habitats to other sites, while incoming larvae can aid recovery.

• SeamountRelated: Some seamounts receive protection because their habitats are vulnerable to disturbance.

• Whale sharkRelated: Protected areas can safeguard important feeding and aggregation sites.

• Coral reef restorationRelated: Protection can reduce local pressures that undermine restoration, though it does not stop ocean warming.

• Deep-sea ecologyRelated: Protection can limit damaging activities in ecologically significant deep-sea sites.

• Sustainable seafoodRelated: Protected areas can safeguard habitats and breeding populations, though effects depend on design and enforcement.

• Demersal fishRelated: Protection can preserve seabed habitats used by demersal fish.

• OverexploitationRelated: Restrictions can protect populations and habitats from extraction pressure.

• Wildlife tourismRelated: Protected waters can provide destinations and rules for wildlife tourism at sea.

• Cleaner fishRelated: Protection can preserve cleaning stations and the diverse client communities they depend on.

• Marine mammalRelated: Protected areas can safeguard feeding, breeding, and migration habitat.

• Deep seaRelated: Protecting remote deep habitats requires decisions about boundaries, monitoring, and enforcement.

• Aquatic ecosystemRelated: Protection can reduce pressures on marine habitats and their communities.

• Makassar StraitRelated: Protection design raises questions about conserving habitats while sustaining fishing and shipping.

• Marine plastic pollutionRelated: Protected waters can still receive plastic transported from outside their boundaries.

• South GeorgiaRelated: Protection around South Georgia regulates fishing and safeguards its marine wildlife.

• SpawningRelated: Protection can preserve spawning aggregations and the habitats on which they depend.

• Antarctic fur sealRelated: Protected feeding habitats can reduce pressures on populations and their prey.