Mexican Army

The Mexican Army is the land warfare branch of Mexico’s armed forces, organized under the Secretariat of National Defense. It conducts national defense, internal security, and civil-support operations.

Secretariat of National Defense: Mexico’s federal department responsible for the Army, Air Force, and national defense policy. It administers the Army and directs its military command structure.
Mexican War of Independence: The 1810–1821 struggle that ended Spanish rule and established an independent Mexico. It created the new state whose armed forces the Army would eventually serve.
Mexican Drug War: Mexico’s long-running conflict involving federal forces, criminal organizations, and disputes over security policy. Army deployments against organized crime have made this conflict a defining domestic mission.
Tlatelolco massacre: The killing of student protesters by Mexican security forces in Mexico City on October 2, 1968. The Army’s role in the crackdown remains central to debates about military accountability.
Mexican Air Force: The aerial warfare branch of Mexico’s armed forces, administered by the Secretariat of National Defense. It shares the Army’s administrative department while providing air capabilities.
Mexican Revolution: The armed conflict and political upheaval that transformed Mexico from 1910 into the 1920s. Revolutionary forces and political settlements shaped the modern Army’s foundations.
Mexican drug cartels: Organized criminal groups in Mexico involved in drug trafficking and other illicit activities. Their armed operations have prompted repeated military security deployments.
Dirty War (Mexico): A period of state repression and counterinsurgency in Mexico, especially during the 1960s and 1970s. Army counterinsurgency operations became part of the record of state abuses.
National Guard (Mexico): Mexico’s federal security force, established in 2019 and placed under the Secretariat of Security and Citizen Protection. Its public-security role intersects with Army deployments and civilian policing.
Venustiano Carranza: A Mexican revolutionary leader and president who organized the Constitutionalist Army against Victoriano Huerta. His Constitutionalist forces became a central source of the postrevolutionary military.

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