Military communications

Military communications are the methods and systems armed forces use to exchange information, coordinate operations, and transmit orders across command structures and battlefields.

Command and control: The exercise of authority and direction by a commander over assigned forces. Communications carry the information and orders that let commanders direct forces.
Military radio: Radio equipment designed for military use, often with features for mobility, ruggedness, and secure operation. Portable military radios connect units where fixed infrastructure is unavailable.
Military signalling: The transmission of military information using visual, acoustic, or other simple signals. It is the broader practice from which modern electronic military communications developed.
Military intelligence: Information about foreign forces, capabilities, intentions, and operating environments gathered for military decisions. Communications distribute intelligence reports to those making and carrying out decisions.
Commercial telecommunications: Telecommunications services and networks provided for commercial or public use. Military systems must operate under combat conditions and protect sensitive traffic.
Tactical communications: Communication systems and procedures used to coordinate military operations at the tactical level. It covers battlefield exchanges where units need timely, local coordination.
Military cryptography: The use of cryptographic methods to protect military information and communications. Encryption can conceal message content from unauthorized listeners.
Semaphore: A signaling system that represents letters or messages through visible positions of flags or mechanical arms. Flag semaphore let forces send messages across distances before radio.
Joint operations: Military operations conducted by forces from multiple service branches working together. Joint forces need compatible communications across service boundaries.
Jamming: The deliberate transmission of interfering signals to disrupt radio communications or sensing. Jamming attacks the radio links on which many military communications depend.

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