Linked from

The 21 pages that link to Modified Newtonian dynamics, each with the reason it gives.

• General relativityCompared with: It offers a rival account of some galactic observations, though not a replacement for relativistic gravity.

• Dark matterCompared with: It can fit some galactic rotation patterns but faces challenges across cosmological evidence.

• Dark matter haloCompared with: It seeks to explain some halo evidence by changing gravity rather than adding unseen mass.

• Lambda-CDM modelCompared with: It offers a competing account of some observations attributed to dark matter.

• Galaxy rotation curveCompared with: It explains flat curves without invoking massive dark halos.

• Large-scale structure of the universeCompared with: It offers a rival account of some gravity-related observations, though not the full web as readily.

• Cold dark matterCompared with: It seeks to explain some evidence attributed to cold dark matter by changing gravity instead.

• Fritz ZwickyCompared with: It seeks to explain some mass discrepancies without the unseen matter Zwicky inferred.

• Bullet ClusterCompared with: The Bullet Cluster challenges versions of modified gravity that lack an additional unseen mass component.

• GravitationCompared with: It offers a non-dark-matter explanation for some phenomena attributed to gravitation.

• Galaxy filamentCompared with: Filament observations can test how competing gravity and dark matter models shape cosmic structure.

• Planet NineCompared with: It illustrates a broad alternative to unseen-mass explanations, though it is not the main rival for these Solar System orbits.

• Modified gravityCompared with: It modifies low-acceleration dynamics, unlike relativistic modified-gravity theories built by changing general relativity.

• Tidal dwarf galaxyCompared with: Predictions for tidal-dwarf motions differ between modified-gravity accounts and dark-matter interpretations.

• Tests of general relativityCompared with: Its low-acceleration predictions pose tests beyond the strong solar-system agreement with general relativity.

• Structure formationCompared with: It offers an alternative account of some gravitational phenomena, though not the standard cosmological framework.

• Galaxy rotation problemCompared with: It explains galaxy rotation without requiring a dark matter halo in the galaxy.

• History of general relativityCompared with: Its debate with dark-matter explanations shows how gravitational theory is still tested on cosmic scales.

• Jim PeeblesCompared with: It challenges the dark-matter explanation for structure that Peebles’s models employ.

• List of unsolved problems in physicsCompared with: It offers a rival account of selected gravitational evidence attributed to dark matter.

• Planets beyond NeptuneCompared with: Alternative changes to gravity are sometimes contrasted with unseen-mass explanations, though not a standard account of distant-object clustering.