Mongol invasions of Korea

The Mongol invasions of Korea were a series of campaigns against the Goryeo dynasty from 1231 to 1259, ending in Goryeo’s submission to Mongol rule.

Goryeo dynasty: A Korean dynasty that ruled from 918 to 1392, including during the Mongol invasions. Its court and government faced the campaigns and negotiated the settlement.
Genghis Khan: The founder of the Mongol Empire, who unified Mongol tribes and launched its early conquests. His empire’s expansion created the power that later campaigned against Goryeo.
Choe U: A Goryeo military ruler who held power from 1219 to 1249. He directed resistance and moved the court to Ganghwa Island.
Yuan dynasty: A Chinese dynasty founded by Kublai Khan that ruled China from 1271 to 1368. It institutionalized Mongol authority over Goryeo after the campaigns.
Siege of Cheoin: A 1232 battle in which Goryeo forces defeated Mongol troops and killed their commander Sartaq near Cheoin Fortress. The victory demonstrated that Mongol forces could be resisted outside Ganghwa.
Mongol Empire: A Eurasian empire founded by Genghis Khan that expanded across Asia and Europe in the thirteenth century. Its armies conducted the invasions as part of wider imperial expansion.
Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty: The Mongol campaigns that destroyed the Jin dynasty in northern China between 1211 and 1234. The shifting balance after Jin’s defeat brought Mongol forces to Korea’s frontier.
Gojong of Goryeo: The Goryeo king who reigned from 1213 to 1259, including throughout the Mongol invasions. His reign spanned the invasions and the settlement that ended them.
Goryeo under Mongol rule: The period when Goryeo remained a kingdom while subject to Mongol, later Yuan, authority. It shows how submission altered Goryeo without ending its dynasty.
Siege of Chungju: A 1253 Mongol siege of Chungju Castle, resisted by its defenders under Kim Yun-hu. The defenders’ resistance illustrates the cost and limits of prolonged sieges.

Linked from 8 pages