Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is progressive dysfunction of two or more organ systems during severe acute illness. It can be life-threatening and may require organ support.

Sepsis: Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated response to infection. It is a frequent cause of MODS, linking infection-triggered inflammation to organ dysfunction.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome: Acute respiratory distress syndrome is acute inflammatory lung injury that causes severe hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary opacities. It is a common respiratory manifestation of severe systemic illness and MODS.
Source control: Source control is the physical or procedural removal, drainage, or containment of an infection's cause. When infection drives MODS, controlling its source addresses the initiating cause.
Roger C. Bone: Roger C. Bone was an American physician and researcher known for work on sepsis and critical illness. His writing helped establish multiple organ failure as a framework for understanding severe sepsis.
Precision medicine: Precision medicine tailors prevention or treatment to differences among individuals, including biology and clinical context. Researchers seek patient-specific approaches because MODS has diverse causes and trajectories.
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is a clinical pattern of inflammatory abnormalities that can arise from infectious or noninfectious causes. Its signs can accompany the systemic inflammatory response involved in MODS.
Acute kidney injury: Acute kidney injury is a rapid decline in kidney function, identified through changes in creatinine or urine output. It represents renal dysfunction that may develop alongside other failing organ systems.
Fluid resuscitation: Fluid resuscitation is the administration of intravenous fluids to restore or maintain circulation. It can improve perfusion, though excessive fluid may worsen edema and respiratory dysfunction.
Systemic organ failure: Systemic organ failure is a historical clinical concept describing failure of several organs during critical illness. It is an earlier framing closely related to the modern term MODS.
Immunoparalysis: Immunoparalysis is a state of suppressed immune function that can follow severe illness or inflammation. It may coexist with inflammation in MODS, complicating infection control and treatment choices.

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