Narration

Narration is the act or technique of presenting a sequence of events through spoken, written, or visual means. It organizes events into a telling, often through a narrator.

Narrator: A voice or figure that presents events in a narrative. The narrator is the telling agency through which narration reaches its audience.
Anachrony: A departure from chronological order in the presentation of narrative events. Flashbacks and anticipations make narration depart from the events’ chronology.
Description: A mode of presentation that depicts qualities, settings, or states rather than advancing events. Narration presents events, while description can pause their progression to depict a scene.
Voice-over: A voice heard over images or scenes without appearing as a speaking figure in them. Voice-over is a common film technique for delivering narration alongside images.
Narrative: A representation of connected events involving characters or agents over time. Narration is the act of telling; narrative is the represented sequence and its organization.
Flashback: A narrative shift to an event that occurred before the current point in the story. A flashback supplies earlier events from within a later narrative moment.
Dialogue: Spoken or written exchange between two or more participants. Dialogue presents characters’ exchanges directly, unlike narration that reports or frames events.
Documentary film: A nonfiction film form that presents actual people, events, or conditions. Documentaries use narration to frame evidence, explain context, or guide interpretation.
Story and discourse: A distinction between events in their chronological order and the order or manner in which they are presented. This distinction separates narrated events from the choices that shape their telling.
Foreshadowing: A narrative device that hints at events that will occur later. Narration can direct expectations by signaling future developments in advance.

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