Knowra Native Hawaiians Native Hawaiians Native Hawaiians are the Indigenous Polynesian people of the Hawaiian Islands, with shared ancestral ties, cultural practices, and relationships to the land and sea.
Polynesian navigation : Traditional methods of navigating the Pacific using stars, winds, waves, and other environmental signs. These skills enabled Polynesian voyagers to reach and settle the Hawaiian Islands.
Kingdom of Hawaii : An independent Hawaiian state that existed from 1795 until its overthrow in 1893. Its overthrow ended Native Hawaiian self-government under the monarchy.
ʻĀina : A Hawaiian concept of land that encompasses its capacity to nourish and sustain life. It expresses a reciprocal relationship between Native Hawaiians and their homeland.
Hawaiian language revitalization : Efforts to restore and strengthen the use of Hawaiian, including immersion education and community programs. These efforts counter language decline and expand its use among younger generations.
Hawaiian language : An Eastern Polynesian language indigenous to the Hawaiian Islands. The language carries genealogies, place names, and knowledge central to Hawaiian heritage.
Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom : The 1893 removal of Queen Liliʻuokalani by a group of mostly American and European residents, backed by U.S. forces. The overthrow became a defining rupture in modern Hawaiian political history.
Kuleana : A Hawaiian concept encompassing responsibility, privilege, authority, and the portion of land or work entrusted to someone. It frames obligations to family, community, land, and inherited knowledge.
Hawaiian immersion education : Education in which Hawaiian is the primary language of instruction and learning. Immersion schools have helped rebuild everyday language transmission.
Kumulipo : A Hawaiian creation chant that recounts the emergence of the world and the genealogy of chiefly lineages. Its genealogy connects people, land, and living things in Hawaiian cosmology.
Hawaiian annexation : The 1898 incorporation of the Hawaiian Islands into the United States through a joint resolution of Congress. Annexation transferred control of the islands without a treaty of annexation.
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