Knowra New Order New Order The New Order was Indonesia’s political regime under President Suharto from 1966 to 1998, characterized by military influence, centralized rule, and state-directed development.
Suharto : Indonesian military officer and president who ruled the country from 1967 to 1998. His presidency and political methods defined the regime.
Sukarno : Indonesian nationalist leader and president whose guided-democracy system preceded Suharto’s rule. His presidency was displaced as the New Order took shape.
Indonesian economic growth under Suharto : Indonesia’s rapid economic expansion during much of Suharto’s rule, driven by oil revenues, state policy, and foreign investment. Growth helped the regime claim legitimacy while leaving benefits unevenly distributed.
Adam Malik : Indonesian journalist, diplomat, and politician who served as vice president from 1978 to 1983. He held senior office during the consolidation of New Order rule.
Guided Democracy in Indonesia : The political system established by Sukarno in 1959, combining presidential authority with managed political representation. It was the preceding system that the New Order replaced.
Dwifungsi : The doctrine assigning Indonesia’s armed forces both defense and sociopolitical roles. It gave the military a formal role in civilian government.
30 September Movement : A 1965 Indonesian coup attempt attributed by the military to communist officers, followed by mass violence. The crisis enabled the army to expand its power and attack the Indonesian Communist Party.
Indonesian transmigration program : An Indonesian government program that relocated people, especially from Java, to less densely populated islands. Its expansion under Suharto altered settlement patterns and intensified conflicts over land and identity.
Ali Moertopo : Indonesian army officer and political strategist associated with Suharto’s consolidation of power. His political operations helped shape the regime’s controlled party system.
Democracy in Indonesia : Indonesia’s system of competitive elections and representative government, restored after Suharto’s resignation. Its post-1998 institutions contrast with New Order restrictions on political competition.
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