Nigerian independence

Nigeria became an independent state on 1 October 1960, ending British colonial rule while remaining within the Commonwealth.

Nigerian nationalism: A political movement seeking self-government and national independence for Nigeria. Its campaigns and organizations built pressure for the transfer of power.
Nigeria Independence Act 1960: A British statute that provided for Nigeria's independence on 1 October 1960. It supplied the legal basis for ending British sovereignty.
Nnamdi Azikiwe: A Nigerian nationalist and politician who became Nigeria's first indigenous governor-general and later its first president. He embodied the transfer of senior state office to Nigerian leadership.
Nigerian Civil War: A war fought from 1967 to 1970 between Nigeria's federal government and the secessionist state of Biafra. Post-independence tensions over power and national unity later erupted into war.
Lagos Youth Movement: A Nigerian political organization founded in Lagos in 1934 and later renamed the Nigerian Youth Movement. It helped develop organized nationalist politics before independence.
Nigeria Constitution of 1960: The constitution that established Nigeria's federal system at independence. It set the institutions and powers of the newly independent state.
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa: A Nigerian politician who served as prime minister at independence and led the first federal government. He headed the government that took office as British rule ended.
Biafra: The short-lived secessionist state in southeastern Nigeria that existed from 1967 to 1970. Its attempted secession exposed the fragility of the inherited federation.
National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons: A Nigerian nationalist party founded in 1944 by Herbert Macaulay and Nnamdi Azikiwe. Its nationwide political campaigns pressed Britain for self-government.
Commonwealth realm: An independent Commonwealth country that recognizes the British monarch as its head of state. Nigeria initially retained Elizabeth II as ceremonial head of state.

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