Non-interventionism

Non-interventionism is a foreign-policy doctrine opposing a state’s involvement in other countries’ conflicts and internal affairs, especially through military or political action.

Westphalian sovereignty: The principle that states hold authority over their territory and are formally independent of one another. Non-interventionism treats other states’ domestic authority as a reason to refrain from interference.
Military intervention: The use of a state’s armed forces in another state’s affairs or conflict. It is the clearest form of involvement that non-interventionism seeks to prevent.
George Washington: The first president of the United States, whose 1796 Farewell Address warned against permanent alliances. His warning became a lasting reference point for American arguments against foreign entanglements.
U.S. neutrality in World War I: The United States’ declared neutrality during the first years of the First World War. The debate over neutrality tested whether restraint could survive attacks on commerce and maritime rights.
Liberal internationalism: A foreign-policy outlook that supports international cooperation and, in some cases, action to defend liberal institutions. It can justify intervention to promote democracy or human rights where non-interventionism counsels restraint.
Political non-interference: The norm that states should not direct or manipulate another state’s internal political affairs. It captures the doctrine’s central objection to efforts such as regime change.
Regime change: The replacement of one government or political leadership by another, sometimes through foreign action. Coercive attempts to replace another country’s government directly violate the doctrine’s restraint.
Farewell Address: George Washington’s 1796 public letter advising the United States on principles for its future conduct. Its advice on alliances helped define an early American tradition of strategic restraint.
America First Committee: A U.S. pressure group that opposed American entry into the Second World War before Pearl Harbor. It organized a prominent prewar campaign against intervention in Europe.
Humanitarian intervention: The use of force in another state, justified by preventing or stopping severe human suffering. It challenges non-intervention when protecting people appears to conflict with respect for sovereignty.

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