NVMe

NVMe is a storage protocol designed for solid-state drives connected over PCI Express. It supports parallel queues and commands to use flash storage with low latency.

NVMe Submission Queue: A host-maintained queue of commands awaiting execution by an NVMe controller. Hosts place read, write, and other requests here for the controller to process.
Solid-State Drive: A data-storage device that stores information in flash memory rather than on spinning magnetic disks. NVMe is designed chiefly for solid-state drives, unlike older disk-oriented interfaces.
M.2: A compact card form factor and connector specification for computer expansion devices, including SSDs. Many consumer NVMe SSDs use M.2 modules, though M.2 itself does not imply NVMe.
Serial ATA: A computer interface standard for connecting storage devices, commonly associated with SATA drives. SATA's bandwidth and command handling differ from NVMe's PCIe-based design.
NVMe Completion Queue: A queue where an NVMe controller posts the results of completed commands. It returns command status and results asynchronously to the host.
NAND Flash Memory: A nonvolatile memory technology that stores data in charge-based cells arranged in pages and blocks. NVMe drives commonly use NAND flash as their persistent storage medium.
U.2: A connector and drive form factor used for enterprise storage devices, including PCIe SSDs. U.2 provides a cabling option for NVMe drives in servers and workstations.
AHCI: A host-controller interface specification originally designed for Serial ATA storage devices. AHCI's single command queue was built for disks, while NVMe supports many parallel queues.
NVMe Controller: Hardware or firmware that receives NVMe commands and manages access to a storage device. It consumes submitted commands and coordinates the drive's flash operations.
Operating System: System software that manages computer hardware and provides services to applications. An operating system's NVMe driver translates storage requests into protocol commands.

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