Oliver Tambo

Oliver Tambo (1917–1993) was a South African anti-apartheid leader who served as president of the African National Congress in exile from 1967 to 1991.

Nelson Mandela: Nelson Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid activist and politician who became the country’s first Black president. Mandela and Tambo became close allies in the ANC and established a legal partnership in Johannesburg.
African National Congress: The African National Congress is a South African political organization founded in 1912 to oppose racial discrimination and apartheid. Tambo’s presidency was an effort to preserve and direct the ANC after its banning in South Africa.
Anti-apartheid movement: The anti-apartheid movement was the international campaign to end South Africa’s system of racial segregation and white minority rule. Tambo’s diplomacy connected the ANC to organizations campaigning against apartheid worldwide.
Mbizana: Mbizana is a town in South Africa’s Eastern Cape province, near the birthplace of Oliver Tambo. Tambo was born in the Nkantolo area near Mbizana in 1917.
African National Congress–Pan Africanist Congress split: The ANC–PAC split was the 1959 division that created the Pan Africanist Congress from members who rejected the ANC’s multiracial approach. The split challenged the unity Tambo sought to preserve within the liberation movement.
Walter Sisulu: Walter Sisulu was a South African anti-apartheid activist and ANC leader imprisoned on Robben Island. Sisulu helped recruit Tambo into ANC leadership and remained a central ally.
ANC external mission: The ANC external mission was the organization’s network of offices and representatives operating outside South Africa during apartheid. Tambo expanded this network to build international support and coordinate the movement in exile.
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1761: United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1761, adopted in 1962, condemned apartheid and called for member states to sever ties with South Africa. The resolution helped establish the international pressure environment in which Tambo sought support.
University of Fort Hare: The University of Fort Hare is a South African university founded in 1916 that educated many leaders of African liberation movements. Tambo studied science and trained as a teacher there before entering legal and political work.
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania: The Pan Africanist Congress of Azania is a South African liberation organization founded in 1959 by former ANC members. Its distinct Africanist program offered an alternative to the ANC’s multiracial political coalition.

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