Linked from
The 31 pages that link to Optical depth, each with the reason it gives.
Stellar atmosphereRelated: It helps define the atmospheric depth from which radiation can escape.
Stellar radiusRelated: A photospheric radius is often assigned near optical depth one.
Planetary ringsRelated: It quantifies how opaque a ring appears along a line of sight.
Dark nebulaRelated: High optical depth accounts for the dark appearance of dense clouds.
PhotosphereRelated: The photosphere is conventionally located near optical depth one.