Oslo Accords

The Oslo Accords were agreements between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, beginning in 1993, that established limited Palestinian self-government and set a framework for further negotiations.

Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements: The 1993 Israel–PLO agreement setting out interim Palestinian self-government and a framework for permanent-status negotiations. This signed text, commonly called Oslo I, established the accords’ initial framework.
First Intifada: The Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation that began in 1987 and continued into the early 1990s. The uprising made continued management of the occupation increasingly costly and shaped the search for a political process.
Palestinian Legislative Council: The elected legislative body created under the Oslo interim arrangements to represent Palestinians in parts of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The accords led to Palestinian elections and a new legislative institution.
One-state solution: A proposed resolution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict based on one state governing Israelis and Palestinians. Unlike Oslo’s interim partition-oriented framework, this proposal centers on a single political entity.
Palestinian Authority: The interim Palestinian governing body established under the Oslo agreements to administer parts of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The accords created this institution to exercise limited self-government.
Madrid Conference of 1991: A 1991 international peace conference that opened direct negotiations between Israel and Arab states and Palestinians. Its public negotiations formed the diplomatic backdrop to the secret Oslo channel.
Second Intifada: A Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule that began in 2000 and involved widespread violence and military repression. Its outbreak marked the collapse of the Oslo-era peace process into renewed confrontation.
Two-state solution: A proposed resolution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict through separate Israeli and Palestinian states. The accords’ phased negotiations were widely understood as a route toward this outcome.
Gaza–Jericho Agreement: The 1994 Israel–PLO agreement implementing initial Palestinian self-government in the Gaza Strip and Jericho area. It translated the 1993 framework into an initial territorial transfer.
Norwegian facilitation of the Oslo channel: Norway’s role in hosting and facilitating secret Israeli–PLO negotiations in 1993. Norwegian intermediaries provided the discreet setting in which the breakthrough took shape.

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