KnowraOswald SpenglerLinked fromLinked fromThe 9 pages that link to Oswald Spengler, each with the reason it gives.All 9Related 3Narrower topic 1Compared with 5Arnold J. ToynbeeCompared with: Spengler’s deterministic cycle theory provides a prominent contrast to Toynbee’s emphasis on responses to challenge.A Study of HistoryCompared with: Toynbee’s comparative project is often read alongside, and against, Spengler’s cyclical account.William H. McNeillCompared with: McNeill’s emphasis on exchange and contingency differed from Spengler’s closed, organic model of civilizations.Karl LöwithCompared with: Spengler rejects linear progress, offering a contrasting modern account of historical shape.Will DurantCompared with: Spengler’s cyclical, deterministic model contrasts with Durant’s more varied account of historical forces.