Ottoman–Mamluk War

The Ottoman–Mamluk War of 1516–1517 ended with the Ottoman Empire conquering the Mamluk Sultanate’s territories in Syria and Egypt.

Battle of Marj Dabiq: A 1516 battle in northern Syria in which Ottoman forces defeated the Mamluk army. Its outcome opened the route into Mamluk Syria and cost Sultan Qansuh al-Ghawri his rule.
Ottoman–Mamluk relations: The political and military relationship between the Ottoman Empire and the Mamluk Sultanate. Their earlier rivalries and truces form the backdrop to the war’s outbreak.
Ottoman Egypt: The Ottoman province established in Egypt after the conquest of 1517. It replaced the Mamluk sultanate as the governing framework for Egypt.
Mamluk military: The cavalry-centered armed forces of the Mamluk Sultanate, supported by infantry and firearms. Its traditional strengths faced Ottoman forces with more extensive gunpowder weapons and organization.
Battle of Ridaniya: A 1517 battle near Cairo in which Ottoman forces defeated the Mamluk army. This defeat ended organized Mamluk resistance to the Ottoman advance into Egypt.
Dulkadirids: A Turkoman principality in southeastern Anatolia, caught between Ottoman and Mamluk power. Ottoman intervention in Dulkadir affairs aggravated the sultanates’ already tense frontier relations.
Ottoman Syria: The Ottoman-ruled territories of Syria established after the conquest of 1516. The victory at Marj Dabiq brought these lands under Ottoman rule before Egypt fell.
Ottoman military: The armed forces of the Ottoman Empire, including infantry, cavalry, artillery, and gunpowder weapons. Its combined arms and centralized logistics differed from the Mamluk reliance on elite cavalry.
Selim I: The Ottoman sultan from 1512 to 1520 who led the empire during its conquest of Mamluk lands. His campaign strategy and command drove the Ottoman advance through Syria and Egypt.
Safavid Empire: A Persian empire founded in 1501 by Shah Ismail I and a rival of the Ottomans. Mamluk contacts with the Safavids fed Ottoman fears of encirclement before the invasion.

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Mamluk–Portuguese conflictsRelated: The war ended independent Mamluk rule before its naval contest with Portugal could be renewed.