Panentheism

Panentheism holds that the universe exists within God while God also exceeds and transcends the universe. It differs from pantheism, which identifies God with the universe.

Theism: Belief in the existence of one or more gods. Panentheism belongs to the broad family of views that affirm God.
Classical theism: A tradition describing God as the ultimate, necessary, and immutable source of all being. Its strong distinction between creator and creation differs from panentheism's indwelling universe.
Karl Christian Friedrich Krause: A German philosopher who coined the term panentheism in the early nineteenth century. Krause named a view in which the world exists in God without exhausting divine reality.
Friedrich Schleiermacher: A German theologian who grounded religion in the feeling of absolute dependence. His account of dependence helped frame debates about God's relation to the world.
Ecotheology: Theological reflection on relationships between God, human beings, and the natural environment. Panentheism can ground ecological care in the world's intimate relation to God.
Immanence: The presence or activity of a divine reality within the world. Panentheism affirms that God is present within the universe.
Deism: The view that a creator made the universe but does not intervene in its ordinary operation. Deism generally denies the ongoing divine presence in the universe that panentheism affirms.
Neoplatonism: A philosophical tradition deriving from Plato that describes reality as emanating from a transcendent One. Its accounts of emanation and transcendence provide an ancient parallel to panentheistic themes.
Charles Hartshorne: An American philosopher who developed process metaphysics and defended a form of panentheism. Hartshorne made panentheism central to his account of a relational, changing God.
Problem of evil: The philosophical and theological challenge of reconciling evil with an all-powerful, all-good God. Process panentheism addresses suffering by limiting divine control and emphasizing God's response.

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