Parliament Act 1911

A British law that restricted the House of Lords’ power to block legislation passed by the House of Commons. It replaced the Lords’ absolute veto over most public bills with a delaying power.

Parliament Acts: British statutes that limit the House of Lords’ power to delay legislation passed by the Commons. The 1911 Act established the procedure later amended by the 1949 Act.
People's Budget: The 1909 British budget that proposed taxes on land and high incomes to fund social reforms. The Lords’ rejection of this budget triggered the crisis that led to the Act.
Parliamentary sovereignty: The principle that the UK Parliament can make or repeal any law and that no body can invalidate its enactments. The Act altered how the two Houses jointly exercise Parliament’s legislative authority.
Parliament Act procedure: The statutory process by which specified bills can be enacted without the House of Lords’ consent. It is the formal route created by the Act for overriding the Lords on qualifying bills.
Parliament Act 1949: A British law that shortened the Lords’ delaying power under the Parliament Act procedure. It amended the 1911 Act’s timetable for overriding Lords’ rejection of a bill.
Constitutional crisis of 1909–1911: A British political conflict over the Lords’ power to reject budgets and the government’s reform program. The crisis created the political conditions for limiting the Lords’ veto.
Salisbury Convention: A constitutional convention that the House of Lords should not obstruct legislation implementing a governing party’s manifesto commitments. The Act’s reduced veto helped shape later conventions limiting Lords’ resistance.
Veto: A power to reject or block a decision made by another authority. The Act replaced the Lords’ absolute legislative veto with a temporary delaying power.
House of Lords: The upper chamber of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act curtailed this chamber’s ability to veto most public bills.
H. H. Asquith: British Liberal politician who served as prime minister from 1908 to 1916. Asquith’s government introduced the bill and sought to constrain the Lords.

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