Phytophagy

Phytophagy is the consumption of living plant tissues or fluids by animals. It includes feeding on leaves, roots, seeds, sap, and other plant materials.

Plant defense against herbivory: Structural, chemical, and indirect traits that reduce damage to plants from animal feeding. These defenses determine which tissues phytophagous animals can exploit.
Herbivory: Animal feeding on plants or algae, including living tissues and, in broad usage, plant-derived material. Phytophagy is commonly treated as the animal-on-plant form of herbivory.
Biological pest control: The use of living organisms to suppress populations of pests. Predators and parasitoids of phytophagous pests can reduce crop damage.
Plant–herbivore coevolution: Reciprocal evolutionary change between plants and the animals that feed on them. Phytophagy creates selection for plant defenses and animal counteradaptations.
Detritivory: Feeding on dead organic matter, including decomposing plant material. Phytophagy consumes living plant material, unlike feeding on plant detritus.
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles: Airborne chemicals released by plants after herbivore attack, sometimes attracting predators or parasitoids of the attacker. Plant responses to feeding can recruit enemies of phytophagous animals.
Folivory: A feeding habit centered on leaves. Leaf feeding is one of the most widespread forms of phytophagy.
Integrated pest management: A strategy combining monitoring and multiple control methods to keep pests below damaging levels. Managing phytophagous species requires balancing crop protection with ecological costs.
Trophic cascade: An ecological effect in which changes at one trophic level propagate through other levels. Predators of phytophagous animals can indirectly alter plant abundance and condition.
Mycophagy: The consumption of fungi by animals or other organisms. Fungi are not plants, so feeding on them is not phytophagy.

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