Pigment

A pigment is a finely divided colored substance that gives paint or ink its hue. It is generally insoluble in the medium that carries it.

Selective absorption: Selective absorption is the preferential removal of some wavelengths of light by a material. A pigment’s hue depends on which wavelengths its particles absorb.
Binder (material science): A binder is a material that holds particles together and attaches them to a surface. Paint binder surrounds pigment particles and anchors them after application.
Oil paint: Oil paint is a paint made from pigment dispersed in a drying oil, commonly linseed oil. Its pigment particles are suspended in oil, which forms a durable film as it dries.
Dye: A dye is a colorant that dissolves in its application medium or binds molecularly to a substrate. Unlike pigments, dyes generally do not remain as separate insoluble particles in the medium.
Ochre: Ochre is an earth pigment colored chiefly by iron oxides, ranging from yellow to red and brown. It is among the oldest widely used pigments in human art.
Light scattering: Light scattering is the redirection of light by particles or variations in a material. Scattering by pigment particles affects a paint’s brightness and opacity.
Dispersion (chemistry): A dispersion is a mixture in which particles of one substance are distributed through another. Even distribution prevents pigment clumps and helps produce consistent color.
Watercolor: Watercolor is a painting medium in which pigment is carried in a water-soluble binder, commonly gum arabic. Its transparent layers expose how pigment concentration and paper affect color.
Luminescence: Luminescence is light emission from a substance through processes other than incandescence. Pigments usually alter reflected light; luminescent materials produce emitted light.
Egyptian blue: Egyptian blue is a synthetic calcium copper silicate pigment developed in ancient Egypt. It shows that deliberate pigment manufacture began in antiquity.

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