Post-Soviet states

The 15 independent countries that emerged when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991, spanning Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia.

Russia: The largest successor state to the Soviet Union, spanning eastern Europe and northern Asia. It inherited the Soviet Union’s United Nations Security Council seat and most of its territory.
Soviet Union: A federal socialist state that existed across Eurasia from 1922 until its dissolution in 1991. The fifteen countries emerged from its constituent union republics.
Commonwealth of Independent States: A regional organization formed in 1991 by several former Soviet republics to coordinate cooperation after the union’s breakup. It offered a loose framework for relations among some successor states.
Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, countries on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. They pursued rapid integration with European and transatlantic institutions after independence.
Frozen conflict: A prolonged conflict in which active large-scale fighting has subsided without a comprehensive political settlement. Several unresolved conflicts in the former Soviet space fit this pattern.
Ukraine: A country in eastern Europe bordering Russia and the Black Sea. Its sovereignty and geopolitical alignment became central to post-Soviet conflict.
Union republics: The constituent republics of the Soviet Union, formally organized as national territories within the federation. Their borders and institutions became the foundations of the successor countries.
Collective Security Treaty Organization: A military alliance established by several post-Soviet countries under a collective-defense treaty. It institutionalized security cooperation among a subset of the former republics.
Eastern Partnership: A European Union initiative for closer relations with six eastern European and South Caucasus countries. It links some successor states to a distinct framework of cooperation with the European Union.
Transnistria conflict: A conflict over the breakaway region of Transnistria in eastern Moldova, followed by a 1992 ceasefire. It left Moldova’s internationally recognized borders contested in practice.

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