Programming language

A formal language for expressing instructions that a computer can execute directly or translate into executable form. Its syntax and semantics define which programs are valid and what they do.

Syntax (programming languages): Rules that determine how symbols and expressions may be arranged in a programming language. Syntax determines which written programs count as well-formed.
Compiler: A program that translates source code into another form, often machine code or an intermediate representation. Compiled languages commonly rely on compilers to translate programs before execution.
Assembly language: A low-level language whose symbolic instructions closely correspond to a processor's machine instructions. It offers more direct hardware control than most general-purpose programming languages.
Plankalkül: A programming language designed by Konrad Zuse in the 1940s, with features for algorithms and data structures. It is an early high-level language design, preceding widespread electronic computer programming.
Python (programming language): A high-level, general-purpose programming language known for readable syntax and a large standard library. Python is widely used for automation, data analysis, and application development.
Semantics (computer science): The formal meaning assigned to expressions and programs in a language. Semantics specifies what valid programs do when interpreted or executed.
Interpreter (computing): A program that executes source code or an intermediate representation by carrying out its operations. Interpreters provide an alternative to translating an entire program into native code beforehand.
Natural language: A human language that develops through social use rather than a fully specified formal grammar. Programming languages constrain expression more strictly to make instructions unambiguous.
FORTRAN: A programming language developed at IBM for scientific and engineering computation, first released in 1957. Its success established compiled high-level programming as practical for numerical work.
JavaScript: A programming language standardized as ECMAScript and widely used to make web pages interactive. Its browser support made programming languages central to interactive web applications.

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