Progressivism

Progressivism was a United States reform movement that sought to address problems associated with industrialization and urbanization through government action, social reform, and political change.

Pure Food and Drug Act: A 1906 United States law requiring federal inspection of meat and restricting adulterated or misbranded food and drugs. It translated consumer-protection campaigning into federal oversight of food and medicine.
Theodore Roosevelt: The 26th president of the United States, in office from 1901 to 1909, known for trust regulation and conservation. His Square Deal made federal regulation a prominent instrument of Progressive reform.
Industrialization in the United States: The transformation of the United States into an industrial economy through mechanized production, factories, and expanding markets. Rapid industrial growth generated labor conflicts, corporate power, and urban pressures that fueled reform.
Social Darwinism: A set of theories that applied ideas about natural selection to social hierarchy and human competition. Progressives challenged claims that poverty and inequality should be left to supposedly natural competition.
New Deal: The domestic programs and reforms enacted under President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression. New Deal policies extended Progressive precedents for federal regulation and social protection.
Federal Reserve Act: The 1913 United States law that created the Federal Reserve System to oversee monetary policy and banking stability. Progressive-era lawmakers used it to address financial instability and regulate banking.
Woodrow Wilson: The 28th president of the United States, whose administration enacted major financial and antitrust reforms. His New Freedom program carried Progressive regulatory policies into federal law.
Gilded Age: A period of rapid economic growth and stark inequality in the United States, conventionally dated from the 1870s to about 1900. Progressive campaigns arose in reaction to problems associated with Gilded Age wealth and politics.
Laissez-faire: An economic doctrine favoring minimal government intervention in markets and private enterprise. Progressive regulation directly opposed laissez-faire responses to corporate power and social harms.
Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution: The 1920 amendment prohibiting the United States and its states from denying voting rights on the basis of sex. The amendment fulfilled a major suffrage campaign that gained momentum within Progressive-era reform.

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