Linked from

The 43 pages that link to Proportional representation, each with the reason it gives.

• United States SenateCompared with: Senate elections use single-member state contests rather than proportional party allocation.

• United States House of RepresentativesCompared with: Single-member House districts generally use winner-take-all elections rather than proportional party seats.

• Westminster systemCompared with: Its use can produce coalition governments rather than the single-party majorities associated with some Westminster elections.

• Majority ruleCompared with: It can give minorities representation that winner-take-all majority decisions exclude.

• First-past-the-post votingCompared with: Proportional systems translate votes into representation differently from winner-takes-all districts.

• MajoritarianismCompared with: It can give minority viewpoints representation without awarding all power to a narrow winner.

• GerrymanderingCompared with: Where seats are proportional, district boundaries stop being a lever for advantage.

• United States presidential electionCompared with: Applied to electors, it would differ from the winner-take-all allocation used by most states.

• ConstituencyCompared with: Some proportional systems represent larger multi-member constituencies rather than single districts.

• Plurality votingCompared with: It offers a contrasting approach to the seat-vote distortions of plurality districts.

• Duverger's lawCompared with: Proportional seat allocation reduces the penalty that plurality rules impose on smaller parties.

• RedistrictingCompared with: It can reduce dependence on single-member district boundaries for translating votes into seats.

• Electoral districtCompared with: It can translate votes into seats differently from winner-take-all district contests.

• Nigel FarageCompared with: UKIP’s European Parliament success contrasted with its weak results under Westminster’s first-past-the-post system.

• Election lawCompared with: It contrasts with winner-take-all rules often embedded in election statutes.

• Politics of the United KingdomCompared with: Most Commons elections use first-past-the-post instead, often producing disproportional seat totals.

• Politics of CanadaCompared with: It is the principal alternative raised in Canadian debates about electoral reform.

• Politics of ItalyCompared with: Its logic contrasts with majoritarian rules used in parts of Italy’s mixed electoral system.

• Politics of the United StatesCompared with: It offers a different route from winner-take-all elections to representation.