Pseudoautosomal region

A region of the X and Y chromosomes with corresponding DNA sequences that can pair and recombine during meiosis. Its genes can be inherited from either sex chromosome.

Meiosis: A type of cell division that produces haploid cells through two rounds of chromosome segregation. The X and Y chromosomes pair and recombine in these regions during male meiosis.
X chromosome: One of the two human sex chromosomes, present in one copy in most males and two copies in most females. It carries sequences corresponding to those in the Y chromosome's pseudoautosomal regions.
SHOX: A gene involved in bone growth, located in the pseudoautosomal region of both human sex chromosomes. Its two sex-chromosome copies help explain growth effects when one copy is missing or altered.
X-specific region: A portion of the X chromosome lacking a corresponding recombining sequence on the Y chromosome. Unlike pseudoautosomal DNA, it generally does not pair and recombine with Y-linked sequence.
Homologous recombination: The exchange of DNA between similar or identical sequences on paired chromosomes. Sequence similarity allows the X and Y chromosomes to exchange DNA in these regions.
Y chromosome: The human sex chromosome typically present in males, carrying genes involved in male sex determination and fertility. Its pseudoautosomal sequences pair and recombine with corresponding X-chromosome DNA.
Léri–Weill dyschondrosteosis: An inherited skeletal disorder commonly caused by loss of function of one SHOX gene copy. Changes affecting pseudoautosomal SHOX can cause this short-stature and forearm-bone condition.
Y-specific region: A portion of the Y chromosome lacking a corresponding recombining sequence on the X chromosome. It follows Y-linked inheritance rather than the shared inheritance possible in pseudoautosomal DNA.
Synapsis: The close pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Pseudoautosomal sequences help the otherwise dissimilar X and Y chromosomes pair.
Sex chromosome: A chromosome involved in determining or differentiating biological sex in a species. Pseudoautosomal regions are shared features of the X and Y sex chromosomes.

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