Pulp and paper industry

The industrial production of pulp and paper from plant fibers, using processes that separate, treat, and form fibers into sheets and products.

Pulping: The process of separating plant fibers from wood or other fibrous materials to make pulp. It converts the industry's main raw materials into usable fibers.
Cellulose: A structural polysaccharide made of glucose chains that forms the principal framework of plant cell walls. Its fibers provide paper with much of its strength and structure.
Paperboard: A thick, stiff paper-based material used in cartons, boxes, and other packaging. Packaging is a major outlet for pulp and paper production.
Sustainable forestry: Forest management intended to maintain ecological functions, productivity, and benefits for present and future generations. Wood sourcing determines whether fiber demand is compatible with long-term forest health.
Plastic industry: The industrial production of synthetic polymer materials and products from chemical feedstocks. Plastics compete with paper in packaging and other disposable applications.
Kraft process: A chemical pulping method that cooks wood chips in alkaline liquor to dissolve lignin and free cellulose fibers. It is the dominant chemical route for producing strong wood pulp.
Lignin: A complex aromatic polymer that strengthens plant cell walls and binds cellulose fibers. Pulping separates or modifies lignin to release fibers and control paper properties.
Corrugated fiberboard: A packaging material made by attaching a fluted paper layer between flat linerboards. It uses paper grades engineered for cushioning and box strength.
Deforestation: The conversion of forest to nonforest land, typically through clearing or degradation. Unsustainable fiber sourcing can contribute to forest loss.
Digital media: Content and communication distributed in electronic formats through digital devices and networks. Digital distribution has displaced some demand for printed newspapers and documents.

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