Qajar dynasty

The Qajar dynasty ruled Iran from 1789 to 1925. Its reign brought Iran into sustained contact with European powers while the court struggled to preserve sovereignty and finance modernization.

Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar: The Qajar ruler who reunified Iran and established the dynasty’s rule in the late eighteenth century. His victories over rivals made Qajar rule possible, and his 1796 coronation formalized it.
Treaty of Gulistan: The 1813 treaty that ended the first Russo-Persian War and transferred territories in the Caucasus to Russia. Its territorial losses exposed the dynasty’s limits against Russian military power.
Fath-Ali Shah Qajar: The Qajar shah who ruled Iran from 1797 to 1834, during wars with Russia and territorial losses in the Caucasus. His reign saw the dynasty’s first major defeats by Russia.
Persian Constitutional Revolution: The 1905–1911 movement that established a parliament and constitutional limits on Iran’s monarchy. The revolution transformed disputes over royal authority into parliamentary government.
Qajar art: The visual culture produced under the Qajar dynasty, known for court portraiture, painting, and decorative arts. Its royal imagery expressed dynastic power and changing encounters with European styles.
Zand dynasty: An Iranian dynasty that ruled much of Persia from 1751 until the late eighteenth century. Qajar power rose through the defeat of the Zand state.
Treaty of Turkmenchay: The 1828 treaty ending the second Russo-Persian War, ceding further Caucasian territory to Russia. It deepened the territorial and diplomatic costs of Qajar defeats by Russia.
Naser al-Din Shah Qajar: The Qajar shah who ruled Iran from 1848 to 1896 and undertook several journeys to Europe. His long reign combined cautious reforms with growing foreign concessions and court power.
Majles of Iran: Iran’s national legislature, first established during the Constitutional Revolution in 1906. The Majles became a new institution capable of contesting Qajar decisions.
Qajar photography: Photography practiced in Iran during the Qajar period, including images made for the royal court. Court photography documented rulers and society as new technologies entered Iran.

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