Linked from

The 79 pages that link to Quantum electrodynamics, each with the reason it gives.

• Quantum chromodynamicsCompared with: Unlike photons, gluons carry the charge of their own interaction and self-interact.

• Coulomb's lawCompared with: At quantum scales, Coulomb's law is an approximation within a more complete theory.

• Electroweak interactionCompared with: It describes the low-energy electromagnetic sector that emerges from the electroweak theory.

• Electromagnetic fieldCompared with: It extends the classical field picture to quantum effects and photons.

• Fermat's principleCompared with: Its account of light propagation is more fundamental than the classical stationary-ray description.

• Asymptotic freedomCompared with: Its effective coupling grows, rather than weakens, at higher energies.

• Point chargeCompared with: It replaces classical point-source descriptions with quantum fields and renormalized interactions.

• Classical electromagnetismCompared with: It extends electromagnetic theory to phenomena that classical fields cannot describe.

• Classical electron radiusCompared with: It replaces a literal classical self-energy picture with a renormalized quantum description.

• ElectrodynamicsCompared with: It replaces classical fields with quantum descriptions when quantum effects matter.

• Yang–Mills existence and mass gapCompared with: Its gauge structure differs from the non-Abelian theories at the heart of the problem.

• Larmor formulaCompared with: It replaces the classical continuous-radiation picture when quantum effects matter.

• Wheeler–Feynman absorber theoryCompared with: It became the successful quantum framework for electromagnetic phenomena the classical absorber theory addresses.

• Hugh David PolitzerCompared with: Unlike QCD at short distances, its electromagnetic coupling grows slightly with energy.