Queen of Sheba

A celebrated ruler who, according to biblical tradition, visited King Solomon with difficult questions and gifts. Her story also appears in the Quran and in Ethiopian tradition.

1 Kings: A biblical book recounting the reigns of Israelite kings, including Solomon. Its account of the queen’s visit is the earliest surviving biblical version.
Menelik I: A legendary Ethiopian king traditionally described as the son of Solomon and Makeda. Ethiopian tradition makes him the child born from the queen’s encounter with Solomon.
Solomonic dynasty: An Ethiopian royal dynasty that claimed descent from Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. Its origin story turns the queen’s visit into a genealogy of Ethiopian kingship.
Solomon and the Queen of Sheba in 1 Kings: The biblical episode in which the Queen of Sheba visits Solomon with questions and gifts. This account presents the visit as a test answered by Solomon’s wisdom and prosperity.
2 Chronicles: A biblical book retelling the history of Judah and Israel, including Solomon’s reign. It retells the visit with emphasis on Solomon’s wealth and wisdom.
Makeda: The name of the Queen of Sheba in Ethiopian tradition. Makeda is the Ethiopian royal figure shaped from the biblical queen’s story.
Ark of the Covenant: A sacred chest described in the Hebrew Bible as holding the tablets of the covenant. The Kebra Nagast links Menelik’s return to Ethiopia with the Ark’s arrival there.
Queen of Sheba in the Quran: The Quranic episode of a southern queen who encounters Solomon and accepts his God. It develops the queen’s political judgment and religious conversion beyond the biblical account.
Quran: The central religious text of Islam, containing revelations to Muhammad. Its account names the queen Bilqis and describes her encounter with Solomon.
Solomon: An Israelite king in biblical tradition, renowned for wisdom and wealth. His encounter with the queen supplies the story’s defining exchange.

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