Linked from

The 50 pages that link to Radiative forcing, each with the reason it gives.

• Greenhouse gas emissionsRelated: It expresses the climate effect of changing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations.

• Greenhouse effectRelated: It quantifies how changes in atmospheric absorption alter the energy available to warm the climate.

• Particulate matterRelated: Some particles reflect sunlight, while others absorb it and alter climate.

• Climate modelRelated: Models impose or calculate forcings that drive simulated climate change.

• AlbedoRelated: Changing surface albedo alters how much solar energy Earth absorbs, affecting its energy balance.

• Milankovitch cyclesRelated: Orbital variations act as a geographically and seasonally patterned forcing of climate.

• Volcanic winterRelated: Volcanic aerosols create negative forcing by reflecting sunlight back to space.

• Global warmingRelated: It quantifies how emissions push the climate system toward warming.

• Ice–albedo feedbackRelated: The feedback changes absorbed solar energy and thereby modifies the climate's energy imbalance.

• ClimateRelated: Forcing describes how climate drivers initiate a shift in temperature and other conditions.

• Dust stormRelated: Dust scatters and absorbs sunlight, producing effects that depend on particle properties and altitude.

• Greenhouse gasRelated: It quantifies how a change in greenhouse-gas abundance shifts the climate system’s energy balance.

• Methane emissionsRelated: Methane emissions increase heat retention by changing how the atmosphere absorbs infrared radiation.

• Earth's energy budgetRelated: Forcing identifies disturbances that shift the budget away from balance.

• Glacier mass balanceRelated: Warming and surface darkening can increase melt and shift glacier balance downward.

• Black carbonRelated: Absorbed sunlight by black carbon adds energy to the atmosphere and contributes positive radiative forcing.

• HydrofluorocarbonRelated: Accumulating HFCs alter the planet's energy balance by absorbing infrared radiation.

• Nuclear winterRelated: Sunlight-blocking soot reduces energy reaching the surface, creating a negative forcing.

• Climate change attributionRelated: Forcing provides the physical link between causal influences and climate responses.

• Secondary organic aerosolRelated: Organic aerosol affects radiation directly and can influence clouds, linking formation to climate.

• Tropospheric ozoneRelated: Tropospheric ozone absorbs infrared radiation and contributes to positive radiative forcing.

• Absorption coefficientRelated: Gas absorption across spectral bands helps shape radiative forcing.

• Climate scienceRelated: Forcing quantifies the perturbations that initiate climate responses.

• ClimatologyRelated: It provides a way to compare causes of climate change by their energy effects.

• Permafrost carbon feedbackRelated: Additional carbon dioxide and methane increase the energy retained in the climate system.

• Atmospheric absorptionRelated: Changes in greenhouse-gas absorption alter the energy entering and leaving the climate system.

• Year Without a SummerRelated: Tambora’s aerosols created a negative forcing that lowered temperatures.

• Anthropogenic climate changeRelated: It quantifies how emissions and other influences shift the climate system’s energy balance.

• ContrailRelated: Contrail clouds absorb outgoing infrared radiation and reflect incoming sunlight.

• Radiative equilibriumRelated: Forcing shifts the balance and prompts a response toward a new climate state.

• Atmospheric aerosolRelated: Aerosols scatter or absorb radiation and can alter cloud reflectivity.

• Environmental impact of aviationRelated: It provides a common framework for comparing aviation's warming and cooling influences.

• Climate change feedbacksRelated: It describes the initial disturbance whose climate response feedbacks modify.

• Milutin MilankovićRelated: Orbital variations influence climate by redistributing sunlight, rather than substantially changing its annual global total.

• Outgoing longwave radiationRelated: Changes in outgoing radiation contribute to the balance shifts quantified as forcing.

• Carbon tetrafluorideRelated: Accumulated CF₄ contributes positive radiative forcing by trapping outgoing infrared energy.

• Carbonyl sulfideRelated: Carbonyl sulfide absorbs infrared radiation and contributes a small positive forcing.

• Climate variability and changeRelated: It provides a common measure for comparing influences on climate.

• History of climate change scienceRelated: It provides a common framework for comparing climate influences identified over time.

• Mikhail BudykoRelated: Human influences in Budyko’s climate studies act by altering the planetary energy balance.